TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Osteomyelitis
A1  - Arnold, Sandra
A2  - Shah, Samir S.
A2  - Kemper, Alex R.
A2  - Ratner, Adam J.
PY  - 2019
T2  - Pediatric Infectious Diseases: Essentials for Practice, 2e
AB  - Osteomyelitis  is  an  inflammatory  condition  of  bones  usually  caused  by  bacterial  and  more  rarely  by  fungal  or  mycobacterial  infection.  Acute  hematogenous  osteomyelitis  (AHO)  is  the  most  common  form  of  osteomyelitis  in  children.1  It  results  from  hematogenous  deposition  of  bacteria  within  bone  following  symptomatic  or  asymptomatic  bacteremia.  The  time  from  onset  of  symptoms  to  diagnosis  is  usually  rapid,  within  14  days,  although  certain  sites  of  infection  (particularly  vertebral  and  calcaneal)  may  have  a  more  insidious  course  and  present  subacutely.2  Chronic  osteomyelitis  presents  with  either  chronic,  persistent,  low-grade  symptoms  or  an  exacerbation  of  symptoms  after  a  period  of  relative  disease  quiescence.3  There  is  no  consensus  on  the  reported  duration  of  symptoms  required  to  establish  a  diagnosis  of  chronic  osteomyelitis,  with  definitions  ranging  from  6  weeks  to  6  months.  The  distinction  between  acute  and  chronic  osteomyelitis  is  important  as  it  helps  define  treatment  because  a  longer  duration  of  symptoms  before  treatment  may  allow  for  the  development  of  necrotic  bone  and  soft  tissues.  Nonhematogenous  osteomyelitis  occurs  with  direct  contamination  of  bone  from  trauma,  surgery,  or  spread  of  infection  from  an  adjacent  soft  tissue  infection.4  This  condition  may  present  as  acute  or  chronic  infection.  The  primary  focus  of  this  chapter  will  be  AHO  as  it  is  the  form  of  disease  that  is  seen  most  commonly  in  primary  care.  
SN  - 
PB  - McGraw-Hill Education
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/16
UR  - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1157322854
ER  -