TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy A1 - Grande, Krista A1 - Venkatesan, Charu A2 - Hershey, Andrew D. PY - 2023 T2 - CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment Pediatric Neurology AB - ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS AND TYPICAL FEATURESNeonatal encephalopathy is a clinical condition in the first days after birth manifested by alterations in consciousness, hypotonia, seizures, abnormal reflexes, and apnea.Hypoxic-ischemic injury in the peripartum period is the most common cause of neonatal encephalopathy and is referred to as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).The diagnosis of neonatal HIE is based on multiple clinical and laboratory criteria, including Apgar scores, clinical appearance of the neonate, acidosis, multiorgan injury, and characteristic patterns of brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Moderate to severe neonatal HIE carries a high risk of death and disability.Therapeutic hypothermia is the standard of care for neonatal HIE in term infants and has been shown in multiple large trials to reduce risk of death and disability at 18 months and beyond.HIE is more common in preterm than in term infants, but there is no treatment with enough evidence to recommend as standard of care for preterm infants with HIE. SN - PB - McGraw Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1195237586 ER -