TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 415. Congenital Anomalies of the Anorectum
A1  - Calkins, Casey M.
A1  - Sood, Manu R.
A2  - Rudolph, Colin D.
A2  - Rudolph, Abraham M.
A2  - Lister, George E.
A2  - First, Lewis R.
A2  - Gershon, Anne A.
PY  - 2011
T2  - Rudolph's Pediatrics, 22e
AB  - The  spectrum  of  anorectal  malformations  (ARMs)  ranges  from  anal  stenosis  to  persistent  cloaca.  The  term  imperforate  anus  applies  to  most  of  these  malformations  because  the  anal  canal  is  malformed  and  there  is  no  visible  normal  anal  opening  onto  the  perineum.  Anorectal  anomalies  occur  in  as  many  as  one  in  4000  live  births  and  are  slightly  more  common  in  boys.  The  most  common  defect  is  an  imperforate  anus  with  a  fistula  between  the  distal  anorectum  and  the  urethra  in  boys,  or  the  vestibule  in  girls.  The  risk  of  a  second  child  with  an  anorectal  malformation  is  approximately  1%.  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/20
UR  - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=7038247
ER  -