TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Chapter 20. Toxic and Metabolic Encephalopathies A1 - Andrade, Edgard A1 - Sanders, Ronald A2 - Carney, Paul R. A2 - Geyer, James D. PY - 2010 T2 - Pediatric Practice: Neurology AB - Metabolic disorders and disorders caused by exposure to a toxic agent portend a good prognosis, leading most of the time to a full recovery when recognized and treated promptly. Despite significant advances in critical care in the last 30 years, leading to improved survival of affected patients, little advance has been made in the treatment of acute neurological problems in the pediatric population. Metabolic disorders represent an exception to this statement, due to the development of new diagnostic techniques combined with a better understanding of the pathophysiology of such disorders, which have lead to the application of life-saving therapeutic tools and reducing the severity of brain injury. Examples include hemodialysis for the treatment of urea cycle disorders1 (eg, citrulinemia). In addition, significant advances in communication have made more readily available consultative expertise through academic centers worldwide. Access to the Internet has allowed most practitioners managing patients with a toxic or metabolic encephalopathy to maintain the highest standards of treatment, reduce injury, improve survival, and reverse changes in the penumbra zone of the affected areas of the brain. SN - PB - The McGraw-Hill Companies CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=6652974 ER -