TY  - CHAP
M1  - Book, Section
TI  - Chapter 27. Toxicology
A1  - Lowry, Adam W.
A1  - Bhakta, Kushal Y.
A1  - Nag, Pratip K.
PY  - 2011
T2  - Texas Children's Hospital Handbook of Pediatrics and Neonatology
AB  - There  are  approximately  2.4  million  cases  of  ingestion  or  toxin  exposure  annually  in  the  US.  Half  are  in  children  younger  than  6  yr,  with  a  peak  incidence  at  age  1–2  yr.  Two-thirds  are  in  patients  younger  than  age  20  yr.Leading  fatal  agents  of  ingestion  (all  ages):  Analgesics,  antidepressants,  cardiovascular  drugs,  street  drugs.Leading  agents  of  ingestion  (adolescents):  Acetaminophen,  barbiturates,  stimulants,  antidepressants,  alcohol.Majority  of  poisonings  occur  at  home,  and  ∼10%  involve  two  or  more  substances.Adolescents:  50%  intentional;  50%  unintentional.Poisonous  substance  storage  precautions  should  be  discussed  at  every  6-month  well-child  visit.Child-resistant  closures  have  decreased  the  mortality  of  unintentional  ingestions  by  45%.One  to  two  tablets  or  1  to  2  tsp  (standard  pediatric  “swallow”  ∼5–10  cc)  of  the  standard-strength  preparations  of  the  following  medications  are  potentially  fatal  to  a  10-kg  child:  Antiarrhythmics,  antimalarials  (chloroquine,  hydroxychloroquine),  benzocaine,  β-blockers,  CCBs,  camphor,  clonidine,  Lomotil  (diphenoxylate/atropine),  lindane,  methyl  salicylate,  opioids  (codeine,  morphine,  pentazocine),  phenothiazines  (thioridazine,  chlorpromazine),  quinine,  theophylline,  TCAs  (imipramine,  desipramine)Nontoxic  pharmaceuticals:  Antacids,  antibiotics,  corticosteroids,  contraceptives,  laxatives,  mineral  oil,  ACE  inhibitorsNontoxic  household  products:  Cosmetics,  deodorants,  dehumidifying  (silica  gel)  packets,  matches,  candles  
SN  - 
PB  - The McGraw-Hill Companies
CY  - New York, NY
Y2  - 2024/04/19
UR  - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=7449457
ER  -