TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Urinary Tract Diseases A1 - Remick, Katherine A1 - Gausche-Hill, Marianne A2 - Schafermeyer, Robert A2 - Tenenbein, Milton A2 - Macias, Charles G. A2 - Sharieff, Ghazala Q. A2 - Yamamoto, Loren G. PY - 2014 T2 - Strange and Schafermeyer's Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 4e AB - Signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI) may be nonspecific in young infants, and even older children may not complain of dysuria.In the evaluation of infants and children with fever without a source, up to 7% of patients will be found to have a UTI.Urinary catheterization is the method of choice for obtaining the urine specimen in febrile infants and young children.Presence of bacteria on a Gram stain or nitrites and leukocyte esterase on urine dipstick are highly indicative of a UTI, but urine culture is the gold standard for diagnosis.Greater than 5% of infants younger than 3 months with fever and UTI are bacteremic.Antibiotic choice for UTI must be guided by local resistance patterns and effectiveness against Escherichia Coli.Approximately 90% of renal stones are radiopaque and can be managed medically.Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen without contrast is the test of choice for the evaluation of children with renal stones; however, ultrasound may be used to evaluate children with recurrent renal stones.Recurrence rates of urolithiasis are high in children and require a thorough metabolic evaluation for the cause. SN - PB - McGraw-Hill Education CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/03/29 UR - accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1105684513 ER -