RT Book, Section
A1 Bitnun, Ari
A2 Zaoutis, Lisa B.
A2 Chiang, Vincent W.
SR Print(0)
ID 1146119501
T1 Human Immunodeficiency Virus
T2 Comprehensive Pediatric Hospital Medicine, 2e
YR 2017
FD 2017
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071829281
LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1146119501
RD 2024/04/19
AB Human  immunodeficiency  virus  (HIV)  has  led  to  a  worldwide  pandemic  that  has  exacted  a  dramatic  toll  on  children,  especially  in  resource-limited  countries.  It  is  estimated  that  approximately  1.8  million  children  younger  than  15  years  of  age  were  living  with  HIV  in  2015,  the  vast  majority  in  sub-Saharan  Africa.1  In  the  same  year  worldwide,  approximately  150,000  children  were  infected  perinatally  with  HIV  and  110,000  children  died  due  to  HIV/AIDS  (acquired  immunodeficiency  syndrome).1  In  2014  in  the  United  States  there  were  approximately  9000  children  and  youth  less  than  19  years  of  age  living  with  diagnosed  HIV  infection.2  In  resource-rich  countries  including  the  United  States,  the  vertical  transmission  rate  has  dropped  to  less  than  2%,3-6  and  combination  antiretroviral  therapy  (ART)  has  diminished  mortality  and  morbidity  associated  with  HIV  disease.7-9  The  pediatric  hospitalist  must  be  familiar  with  the  care  of  HIV-exposed  newborns  and  HIV-infected  children,  because  the  initial  diagnosis  and  management  of  complications  often  occur  in  the  hospital  setting.