RT Book, Section
A1 Wallace, Sowdhamini
A2 Zaoutis, Lisa B.
A2 Chiang, Vincent W.
SR Print(0)
ID 1146119836
T1 Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
T2 Comprehensive Pediatric Hospital Medicine, 2e
YR 2017
FD 2017
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071829281
LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1146119836
RD 2024/04/20
AB Hemolytic  uremic  syndrome  (HUS)  was  first  described  in  1955.  It  is  one  of  the  most  frequent  causes  of  acute  renal  failure  in  children  and  is  defined  by  a  triad  of  microangiopathic  hemolytic  anemia,  thrombocytopenia,  and  acute  kidney  injury.  The  incidence  of  HUS  is  2.7  cases  per  million  people  per  year  in  the  United  States.1  HUS  can  occur  at  any  age  but  most  often  presents  between  2  months  and  8  years  of  age,  with  equal  male  and  female  predominance.  It  has  a  seasonal  peak  in  the  summer  and  early  fall.2  HUS  is  divided  into  two  main  categories,  typical  diarrhea-associated  (D+  HUS)  and  atypical  non-diarrhea  associated  HUS  (aHUS).  The  most  common  form  is  D+  HUS,  which  is  caused  by  Shiga  toxin–producing  bacteria  and  accounts  for  90%  of  cases.  Atypical  HUS  (aHUS),  sometimes  called  D-HUS,  accounts  for  the  remaining  cases  (Table  113-1).  Recently,  it  has  become  recognized  that  the  two  categories  of  HUS  are  not  mutually  exclusive.  Some  cases  of  HUS  are  multifactorial,  with  as  many  as  25%  of  patients  with  D+  HUS  having  mutations  in  complement  system  gene  sequences.3