RT Book, Section A1 Beslow, Lauren A. A1 Billinghurst, Lori A2 Zaoutis, Lisa B. A2 Chiang, Vincent W. SR Print(0) ID 1146120538 T1 Stroke, Arteriopathy, and Vascular Malformations T2 Comprehensive Pediatric Hospital Medicine, 2e YR 2017 FD 2017 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071829281 LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1146120538 RD 2024/03/28 AB Stroke refers to acute vascular events involving the brain, brainstem, or spinal cord. Subtypes of stroke in the pediatric population include arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) with or without venous infarction, and hemorrhagic stroke (HS). By age, stroke subtypes can be further subdivided into perinatal (occurring from 20 weeks of gestation to 1 month of age by the broadest definition) and childhood stroke (occurring from 1 month to 18 years).1 AIS is defined as an acute neurological deficit of any duration consistent with focal brain ischemia conforming to an arterial distribution (Figure 121-1) and evidence of infarction on neuroimaging. A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is defined as focal deficit(s) in a vascular territory lasting less than 24 hours; we include the absence of infarction on neuroimaging (restriction of water diffusion) in this definition. CSVT involves thrombosis of the superficial or deep dural venous sinuses. If thrombosis sufficiently impedes venous drainage, both ischemic and hemorrhagic infarction can occur. Hemorrhagic stroke is comprised of nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) which can be intraparenchymal (IPH) and/or intraventricular (IVH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).