RT Book, Section A1 Noone, Damien A1 Langlois, Valerie A2 Kline, Mark W. SR Print(0) ID 1182912926 T1 Urinary Tract Stone Diseases T2 Rudolph's Pediatrics, 23e YR 2018 FD 2018 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781259588594 LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182912926 RD 2024/10/03 AB Urolithiasis is the term used to describe the presence of a stone or a calculus anywhere in the urinary tract. Nephrolithiasis is the term generally used when calculi are found in the kidneys; it should not be confused with nephrocalcinosis, which is the deposition of calcium in the tubulointerstitial regions of the kidneys. The prevalence of urolithiasis varies widely with geography. Although uncommon in some countries, it remains an important childhood condition as it is often associated with morbidity and high rates of recurrence, especially in children in whom there is an identified metabolic or genetic disorder or an underlying abnormality of the urinary tract. A thorough evaluation should be done to identify specific metabolic defects or predisposing factors to stone formation.