RT Book, Section A1 Calarge, Chadi A2 Kline, Mark W. SR Print(0) ID 1182925013 T1 Disruptive Behavior Disorders and Psychotic Disorders T2 Rudolph's Pediatrics, 23e YR 2018 FD 2018 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781259588594 LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182925013 RD 2024/04/19 AB Disruptive, problematic behavior is ubiquitous and an integral aspect of normal development. In fact, the natural drive of children to increasingly assert their autonomy as they grow older and more independent inevitably sets them on a path leading to disagreement and conflict with their caregivers. Of course, children vary greatly in their frustration tolerance, their overall self-regulation, and their need to assert themselves. Such interindividual differences interact with environmental responses, particularly in the caregiving environment, which itself may vary greatly in terms of sensitivity and responsiveness to children’s developmental needs, capacity to promote trust and social learning, and ability to provide effective models in such areas as prosocial behavior; coping with frustration, stress, and conflict; and problem solving. This complex interaction between biologically based motivational dispositions and environmental responses shapes, organizes, and reinforces developmental trajectories in which normative conflict can turn into disruptive behavioral disorder.