RT Book, Section A1 Muszynski, Michael J. A2 Kline, Mark W. SR Print(0) ID 1182904036 T1 Strongyloidiasis T2 Rudolph's Pediatrics, 23e YR 2018 FD 2018 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781259588594 LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182904036 RD 2024/10/08 AB In 1876, a nematode was observed during microscopic examination of stool from a number of French soldiers suffering from severe diarrhea while stationed in French colonial Vietnam. The condition was known as Cochin-China diarrhea, named after the southern region of today’s Vietnam. Within 12 years, the etiologic agent and its complex life cycle were defined. The diagnosis of strongyloidiasis can be challenging, and it is frequently overlooked. Adding to the challenging diagnosis is the fact that a large proportion of cases are asymptomatic. The scenario of missed infection leading to chronicity is common in immunocompetent children, and devastating, life-threatening infection can occur in the immunocompromised host. The World Health Organization has recognized the importance of strongyloidiasis by placing it on its official list of neglected diseases.