RT Book, Section
A1 Natarajan, Girija
A1 Weiss, Michael
A1 Cotten, C. Michael
A1 Shankaran, Seetha
A2 Kline, Mark W.
SR Print(0)
ID 1182920559
T1 Neonatal Encephalopathy
T2 Rudolph's Pediatrics, 23e
YR 2018
FD 2018
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259588594
LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182920559
RD 2024/04/17
AB Neonatal  encephalopathy  is  a  clinically  defined  syndrome  of  disturbed  neurological  function  in  the  early  postnatal  days  of  life  in  the  term  infant.  It  is  manifested  by  a  combination  of  signs,  including  altered  consciousness,  abnormal  muscle  tone  or  reflexes,  altered  autonomic  function,  or  seizures.  Etiologies  of  neonatal  encephalopathy  include  the  following:  (1)  a  combination  of  intrapartum  or  antepartum  hypoxia  and  ischemia  (hypoxic-ischemic  encephalopathy  [HIE]),  which  may  be  accompanied  by  prenatal  signs  of  fetal  distress,  and  vascular  pathologies,  including  intracranial  bleeding  and  stroke;  (2)  injuries  secondary  to  birth  trauma;  (3)  infections;  (4)  genetic  disorders;  (5)  metabolic  disorders;  and  (6)  congenital  brain  abnormalities.  This  chapter  focuses  on  neonatal  encephalopathy  in  term  newborn  infants,  with  particular  emphasis  on  infants  who  present  with  biochemical  and  clinical  evidence  of  HIE,  and  the  current  diagnostic  and  treatment  approaches  to  such  injury.  Other  etiologies  associated  with  central  nervous  system  damage  including  vascular  malformations  and  birth  trauma  are  briefly  discussed  as  well.