RT Book, Section
A1 Rama, Jennifer A.
A1 Fan, Leland L.
A2 Kline, Mark W.
SR Print(0)
ID 1182917369
T1 Interstitial Lung Disease
T2 Rudolph's Pediatrics, 23e
YR 2018
FD 2018
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9781259588594
LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1182917369
RD 2024/04/20
AB Childhood  interstitial  lung  disease  (chILD)  comprises  a  heterogeneous  group  of  chronic  pulmonary  disorders,  characterized  by  diffuse  parenchymal  infiltrates  and  impaired  gas  exchange,  often  leading  to  hypoxemia.  In  pediatrics,  the  term  diffuse  lung  disease  is  interchangeable  with  interstitial  lung  disease  and  more  accurately  describes  the  collection  of  disorders  in  which  airways  and  airspaces  are  also  involved,  not  just  the  interstitium.  The  spectrum  of  chILD  differs  in  infancy  compared  to  older  children  and  adults,  and  this  difference  has  been  the  basis  for  the  current  classification  schemes.  The  term  chILD  syndrome  refers  to  an  infant  (<  2  years  old)  with  diffuse  lung  disease  who  has  at  least  3  of  the  following  4  criteria:  (1)  respiratory  symptoms  (cough,  labored  breathing,  or  exercise  limitation);  (2)  respiratory  signs  (tachypnea,  retractions,  digital  clubbing);  (3)  hypoxemia;  or  (4)  diffuse  abnormalities  on  chest  x-ray  or  computed  tomography  (CT)  scan.  A  diagnosis  of  chILD  syndrome  should  be  made  only  after  the  common  causes  of  diffuse  lung  disease  are  excluded.  They  include  cystic  fibrosis,  congenital  heart  disease,  bronchopulmonary  dysplasia,  pulmonary  infection,  primary  ciliary  dyskinesia,  and  recurrent  aspiration.  There  are  specific  chILD  diagnoses  that  are  unique  to  infancy,  whereas  the  majority  of  chILD  diagnoses  in  older  children  (age  2  to  18  years  old)  are  related  to  disorders  of  the  immunocompromised  host  and  overlap  more  with  adult  disorders.  This  chapter  provides  an  overview  of  chILD  with  a  focus  on  the  most  recent  developments.  Although  no  classification  scheme  is  ideal,  a  list  of  chILD  disorders  is  given  in  Table  508-1.  It  is  not  possible  to  discuss  each  entity  in  detail,  but  some  of  these  disorders  deserve  emphasis.