RT Book, Section A1 Kelly, Matthew S. A1 Rutstein, Richard M. A1 Steenhoff, Andrew P. A2 Shah, Samir S. A2 Kemper, Alex R. A2 Ratner, Adam J. SR Print(0) ID 1157323324 T1 HIV-Exposed and HIVĀ At-Risk Infants T2 Pediatric Infectious Diseases: Essentials for Practice, 2e YR 2019 FD 2019 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9781259861536 LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1157323324 RD 2024/03/28 AB Worldwide, an estimated 1.5 million infants are born to HIV-infected mothers each year.1 In high-income countries, where prenatal testing, maternal antiretroviral therapy, infant antiretroviral prophylaxis, cesarean delivery (when indicated), and safe alternatives to breastfeeding are widely available, the risk of perinatal transmission of HIV can be reduced to less than 2%.2 The pediatric provider plays an essential role in preventing perinatal HIV transmission through the early identification of HIV-exposed infants, timely HIV testing, and provision of infant antiretroviral prophylaxis.