RT Book, Section A1 Greenberg, James M. A2 Rudolph, Colin D. A2 Rudolph, Abraham M. A2 Lister, George E. A2 First, Lewis R. A2 Gershon, Anne A. SR Print(0) ID 6733916 T1 Chapter 38. Historical Perspectives T2 Rudolph's Pediatrics, 22e YR 2011 FD 2011 PB The McGraw-Hill Companies PP New York, NY SN 978-0-07-149723-7 LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=6733916 RD 2023/04/01 AB The past 100 years has seen a dramatic transformation in attitudes about and care for the newly born infant.1 The sick or small neonate, once the object of pity and benign neglect, is now the recipient of substantial medical resources and improved outcomes. In the early 20th century, newborns and their mothers began to benefit from public health efforts that produced broad improvements in hygiene, infection control, and nutrition. Responsibility for newborn care, a traditional province of the midwife or obstetrician, moved to the scope of the pediatrician, who effectively advocated for improvements in clinical care.