RT Book, Section
A1 Silverman, Earl D.
A2 Rudolph, Colin D.
A2 Rudolph, Abraham M.
A2 Lister, George E.
A2 First, Lewis R.
A2 Gershon, Anne A.
SR Print(0)
ID 7019385
T1 Chapter 204. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Overlap Connective Tissue Disease, and Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
T2 Rudolph's Pediatrics, 22e
YR 2011
FD 2011
PB The McGraw-Hill Companies
PP New York, NY
SN 978-0-07-149723-7
LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=7019385
RD 2024/04/20
AB Systemic  lupus  erythematosus  (SLE)  represents  the  prototype  of  a  pediatric  autoimmune  disease  with  the  presence  of  autoantibodies  as  its  hallmark.  The  incidence  of  SLE  diagnosed  prior  to  age  18  is  approximately  10  to  20  new  cases  per  100,000  population  per  year  with  an  overall  prevalence  of  1  to  2  cases  per  1000  adolescents  ages  12  to  18.  Both  the  incidence  and  prevalence  rates  are  higher  in  African  Americans,  Asians,  Southeast  Asians,  and  Hispanics.  The  female  predominance  (4–4.5:1)  in  pediatric  patients  is  lower  than  in  adults  (9:1).1  The  mean  age  at  diagnosis  is  approximately  12  to  13  years,  but  presentation  as  young  as  age  3  or  4  is  routinely  reported.2  Presentation  prior  to  age  1  is  very  rare  and  may  manifest  as  congenital  nephrotic  syndrome.