RT Book, Section
A1 Brady, Michael T.
A2 Rudolph, Colin D.
A2 Rudolph, Abraham M.
A2 Lister, George E.
A2 First, Lewis R.
A2 Gershon, Anne A.
SR Print(0)
ID 7030257
T1 Chapter 315. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection
T2 Rudolph's Pediatrics, 22e
YR 2011
FD 2011
PB The McGraw-Hill Companies
PP New York, NY
SN 978-0-07-149723-7
LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=7030257
RD 2024/04/16
AB Worldwide,  it  is  estimated  that  2.5  million  children  younger  than  15  years  are  infected  with  human  immunodeficiency  virus  type  1  (HIV-1),  with  more  than  2.2  million  HIV-1-infected  children  in  Africa  alone.1  In  2006,  some  330,000  children  died  from  HIV-1  infection.  Many  millions  have  been  orphaned  as  a  result  of  the  HIV-1-related  deaths  of  their  parents.  In  the  United  States,  rates  of  new  pediatric  HIV  infections  increased  from  1982  until  1995.  Since  1995,  the  use  of  antiretroviral  agents  to  prevent  mother-to-child-transmission  of  HIV-1  has  significantly  reduced  perinatal  transmission.  Rates  of  new  HIV-1  infections  in  children  younger  than  15  years  in  the  United  States  have  declined  from  a  high  of  2500  per  year  in  the  early  1990s  to  approximately  100  to  200  per  year.2  The  number  of  HIV-1-infected  infants  and  children  in  the  United  States  is  currently  estimated  to  be  10,000.2