RT Book, Section A1 Warren, Cirle Alcantara A1 Guerrant, Richard L. A2 Rudolph, Colin D. A2 Rudolph, Abraham M. A2 Lister, George E. A2 First, Lewis R. A2 Gershon, Anne A. SR Print(0) ID 7031643 T1 Chapter 346. Cyclosporiasis T2 Rudolph's Pediatrics, 22e YR 2011 FD 2011 PB The McGraw-Hill Companies PP New York, NY SN 978-0-07-149723-7 LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=7031643 RD 2024/03/29 AB Cyclospora cayetanensis is a coccidian parasite that causes acute and chronic diarrhea in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. Cyclospora is phylogenetically related to other coccidian parasites, including Cryptosporidium, Isospora, Toxoplasma, and Sarcocystis. Initially described as cyanobacteria-like (blue-green algae) bodies in the stools of patients with prolonged diarrhea, anorexia, and fatigue,1Cyclospora species are now known to be ubiquitous, infecting a variety of animals, including reptiles, insectivores, and rodents. However, Cyclospora cayetanensis is the only species that is known to infect humans.2,3 Although the organism has been recovered in the stool of affected individuals from numerous regions—including North America, Central America, South America, Caribbean Islands, eastern Europe, South Africa, Southeast Asia, India, Nepal, Peru, and Haiti—infection appears to be most common in tropical and subtropical countries.4