RT Book, Section A1 Meshinchi, Soheil A1 Arceci, Robert J. A1 Weinstein, Howard J. A2 Rudolph, Colin D. A2 Rudolph, Abraham M. A2 Lister, George E. A2 First, Lewis R. A2 Gershon, Anne A. SR Print(0) ID 7042360 T1 Chapter 450. Myeloid Malignancies T2 Rudolph's Pediatrics, 22e YR 2011 FD 2011 PB The McGraw-Hill Companies PP New York, NY SN 978-0-07-149723-7 LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=7042360 RD 2024/03/28 AB Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for about 20% of cases of acute leukemia in children and 80% of cases of acute leukemia among adults. Further, although AML is significantly less common than acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in childhood, the survival for children with AML is current between 50% and 60% compared to nearly 85% of children with ALL. In addition, the treatment for children with AML remains particularly toxic and includes multiple, near myeloablative courses of treatment with chemotherapeutic agents and often hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). As chemotherapeutic regimens have achieved higher cure rates in selected patients with good prognostic characteristics, HSCT is currently recommended primarily for patients with very high-risk disease characteristics or those who relapse and achieve a second remission. Insights into stem cell physiology and the molecular basis of AML have demonstrated some of the fundamental molecular changes driving the behavior of the leukemia, revealed their extensive heterogeneity, and have begun to provide new therapeutic targets and strategies.