RT Book, Section
A1 Devarajan, Prasad
A2 Rudolph, Colin D.
A2 Rudolph, Abraham M.
A2 Lister, George E.
A2 First, Lewis R.
A2 Gershon, Anne A.
SR Print(0)
ID 7045207
T1 Chapter 471. Acute Renal Failure
T2 Rudolph's Pediatrics, 22e
YR 2011
FD 2011
PB The McGraw-Hill Companies
PP New York, NY
SN 978-0-07-149723-7
LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=7045207
RD 2024/04/18
AB Acute  renal  failure  (ARF)  is  classically  defined  as  a  rapid  decline  in  glomerular  filtration  rate  (GFR),  leading  to  accumulation  of  nitrogenous  wastes  such  as  blood  urea  nitrogen  (BUN)  and  creatinine.  ARF  is  a  common  condition,  associated  with  serious  consequences  and  unsatisfactory  therapeutic  options.1-18  Oliguria,  defined  as  a  urine  output  of  less  than  0.5  ml/kg/hour,  is  an  important  clinical  sign  but  occurs  in  only  about  half  the  cases.  ARF  may  be  classified  as  (1)  prerenal  azotemia,  due  to  a  functional  response  of  structurally  normal  kidneys  to  hypoperfusion;  (2)  intrinsic  ARF,  due  to  structural  damage  to  the  kidneys  from  prolonged  ischemia,  nephrotoxins,  sepsis,  or  intrinsic  renal  disease;  and  (3)  postrenal  ARF,  due  to  obstruction  of  the  urinary  tract.