RT Book, Section
A1 Enzenauer, Robert W.
A1 Hoehn, Mary Ellen
A1 Monte, Monte A. Del
A2 Rudolph, Colin D.
A2 Rudolph, Abraham M.
A2 Lister, George E.
A2 First, Lewis R.
A2 Gershon, Anne A.
SR Print(0)
ID 7059939
T1 Chapter 586. Strabismus
T2 Rudolph's Pediatrics, 22e
YR 2011
FD 2011
PB The McGraw-Hill Companies
PP New York, NY
SN 978-0-07-149723-7
LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=7059939
RD 2023/04/01
AB Strabismus  is  the  term  used  to  describe  any  ocular  misalignment.  The  term  originates  from  the  Greek  strabismus,  meaning  to  “look  askance”  or  the  “evil  eye.”  Ocular  misalignment  that  is  constantly  present  and  not  controlled  by  fusional  mechanisms  is  termed  a  tropia.  A  phoria  is  defined  as  a  latent  deviation  that  is  controlled  by  fusional  mechanisms  and  only  present  when  one  eye  is  blocked  or  covered.  An  intermittent  tropia  is  a  deviation  that  may  sometimes  be  latent  and  controlled  by  fusional  mechanisms  (ie,  a  phoria)  but  may  at  other  times  be  spontaneously  manifest,  often  with  illness  or  fatigue.  Most  children  with  strabismus  develop  a  deviation  that  manifests  mostly  in  one  eye  (the  nondominant  eye).  Some  strabismic  children  are  able  to  switch  fixation,  using  one  eye  at  times  and  the  other  eye  at  other  times,  so  that  the  strabismus  will  appear  to  shift  from  one  eye  to  the  other.  This  is  termed  alternating  strabismus.  In  some  children,  strabismus  develops  as  a  result  of  poor  vision  in  one  eye  and  is  termed  sensory  strabismus.  Strabismus  may  also  be  the  presenting  sign  of  a  life-threatening  disease  (eg,  brain  tumors  with  cranial  nerve  palsy)  or  vision-threatening  conditions  such  as  retinoblastoma  or  cataract.