RT Book, Section
A1 Wells, Robert G.
SR Print(0)
ID 1148951284
T1 Vesicoureteral Reflux
T2 Diagnostic Imaging of Infants and Children
YR 2015
FD 2015
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071808392
LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1148951284
RD 2024/10/07
AB Vesicoureteral  reflux  (VUR)  is  the  intermittent  reversal  of  normal  antegrade  flow  of  urine  from  the  ureter  into  the  bladder.  In  most  affected  patients,  the  important  clinical  consequence  of  VUR  is  the  occurrence  of  recurrent  infections  that  can  lead  to  renal  scarring.  The  major  pathophysiological  mechanism  of  scarring  is  thought  to  be  passage  of  infected  urine  from  the  lower  urinary  tract  into  the  pelvicaliceal  system,  with  extension  into  the  parenchyma  by  way  of  intrarenal  reflux  through  the  collecting  tubules.  When  severe,  renal  scarring  can  lead  to  hypertension  or  renal  failure.  Severe  VUR  in  the  fetus  or  neonate  can  lead  to  renal  damage  or  faulty  kidney  development.  Primary  VUR  accounts  for  15%  to  20%  of  prenatally  detected  uropathies;  this  type  of  reflux  occurs  with  a  5:1  male  to  female  ratio.1