RT Book, Section A1 Hilgendorff, Anne A2 Stevenson, David K. A2 Cohen, Ronald S. A2 Sunshine, Philip SR Print(0) ID 1109793560 T1 Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia T2 Neonatology: Clinical Practice and Procedures YR 2015 FD 2015 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071763769 LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1109793560 RD 2024/03/28 AB Chronic lung disease (CLD) of the newborn, also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), is the most common CLD in early infancy.1 The incidence of BPD varies between newborn care centers, reflecting differences in patient population and infant management practices.2, 3, and 4 Recent publications reported a BPD incidence of 68% in very low birth weight (401- to 1500-g) infants born prior to 29 weeks’ gestation or 77% in infants born at less than 32 weeks’ gestation with a birth weight below 1 kg.3,5,6 The latest studies in Europe reported a BPD rate of up to 25% in infants below 32 weeks’ gestational age (GA).2 The overall incidence in the United States is approximately 10–15,000 cases per year.7 The incidence of BPD is inversely related to GA, varying from 80% or more among the most immature infants at 24 weeks’ gestation to less than 5% among infants greater than 32 weeks’ gestation.2,3,8 Infants who are born very prematurely often require prolonged assisted ventilation to treat acute respiratory failure caused by primary surfactant deficiency (ie, respiratory distress syndrome, RDS), sustained or recurrent apnea, or infections. BPD also can develop in term infants who are treated with long-term mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure from meconium aspiration, bacterial or viral pneumonia, lung hypoplasia, or cardiopulmonary malformations.