RT Book, Section A1 Wung, Jen-Tien A1 Sahni, Rakesh A2 Stevenson, David K. A2 Cohen, Ronald S. A2 Sunshine, Philip SR Print(0) ID 1109798503 T1 Noninvasive Support of Respiratory Failure T2 Neonatology: Clinical Practice and Procedures YR 2015 FD 2015 PB McGraw-Hill Education PP New York, NY SN 9780071763769 LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1109798503 RD 2024/03/28 AB Despite its clear association with lung injury, mechanical ventilation (MV) continues to be widely practiced in many neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Recent data suggest that trauma to the respiratory system can be avoided by gentle respiratory support initiated soon after birth. Accordingly, in the past decade there has been increasing interest in using noninvasive respiratory support with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) for managing respiratory failure in infants, with the focus to reduce the use of MV and protect the lung. Nasal CPAP therapy has been the mainstay of noninvasive respiratory support. However, the literature reflects conflicting results on the effectiveness of nasal CPAP in infants with respiratory failure because of inconsistencies in the guidelines for CPAP therapy, use of different devices and ventilator modes, and variations in training and levels of experience with nasal CPAP use. Little attention is paid to the best ways of practicing nasal CPAP therapy.