RT Book, Section
A1 Shetty, Avinash K.
A1 Clouser, Fatima
A1 Maldonado, Yvonne A.
A2 Stevenson, David K.
A2 Cohen, Ronald S.
A2 Sunshine, Philip
SR Print(0)
ID 1109799812
T1 Infant of HIV-Positive Mother
T2 Neonatology: Clinical Practice and Procedures
YR 2015
FD 2015
PB McGraw-Hill Education
PP New York, NY
SN 9780071763769
LK accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1109799812
RD 2024/04/19
AB Perinatal  transmission  rates  in  the  United  States  are  at  historic  lows  (<2%)  because  of  the  availability  of  effective  interventions  to  prevent  perinatal  human  immunodeficiency  virus  (HIV)  transmission.1  However,  transmission  does  occur  in  a  small  number  of  infants,  primarily  because  of  missed  prevention  opportunities.2,  3  The  neonatologist  plays  a  vital  role  in  the  prevention  of  perinatal  HIV  transmission  in  early  identification  of  HIV-exposed  newborns  born  to  infected  mothers  who  were  not  tested  for  HIV  during  pregnancy  and  in  administering  antiretroviral  (ARV)  prophylaxis  to  HIV-exposed  infants  as  early  as  possible  after  birth.4,5  The  primary  care  physician,  in  conjunction  with  a  pediatric  infectious  disease  specialist,  must  ensure  appropriate  follow-up  to  confirm  or  exclude  the  diagnosis  of  HIV  infection  in  early  infancy  and  provide  ongoing  counseling,  support,  and  anticipatory  guidance6  (Table  117-1).  A  comprehensive  review  of  recommendations  for  evaluation  and  treatment  of  the  HIV-exposed  infant  has  been  published  by  the  American  Academy  of  Pediatrics  (AAP)  and  other  experts.4,5,7,8  This  chapter  discusses  the  clinical  evaluation,  laboratory  testing,  and  treatment  of  HIV-exposed  infants,  incorporating  the  recently  updated  Public  Health  Service  guidelines  with  a  focus  on  prevention  of  perinatal  HIV  transmission.5,6